Dd

DD(1)				     FSF				 DD(1)

NAME

dd - convert and copy a file

SYNOPSIS

dd [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.

bs=BYTES force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES

cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time

conv=KEYWORDS convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list

count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks

ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time

if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin

obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time

of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout

seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

--help display this help and exit

--version output version information and exit

BLOCKS and  BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suf- fixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b  512,	kB  1000,  K  1024,  MB	 1,000,000,  M       1,048,576, GB 1,000,000,000, G 1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z,       Y.  Each KEYWORD may be:

ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII

ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC

ibm   from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC

block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size

unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline

lcase change upper case to lower case

notrunc do not truncate the output file

ucase change lower case to upper case

swab  swap every pair of input bytes

noerror continue after read errors

sync  pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used

with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

AUTHOR

Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.

REPORTING BUGS

Report bugs to .

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is      NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO

The full documentation for dd is maintained as a	 Texinfo manual. If      the  info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the com- mand

info dd

should give you access to the complete manual.

dd (coreutils) 4.5.3		 February 2003				 DD(1)

© 1994 Man-cgi 1.15, Panagiotis Christias 